- List
- Wassenaar Arrangement – List of Dual-Use Goods and Technologies – WA-LIST (25) 1
- Corresponding EU entry
- 6A008
Note 6.A.8. does not apply to:
- Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR);
- Civil Automotive Radar;
- Displays or monitors used for Air Traffic Control (ATC);
- Meteorological (weather) Radar;
- Precision Approach Radar (PAR) equipment conforming to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards and employing electronically steerable linear (1-dimensional) arrays or mechanically positioned passive antennae.
a. Operating at frequencies from 40 GHz to 230 GHz and having any of the following:
1. An average output power exceeding 100 mW; or
2. Locating "accuracy" of 1 m or less (better) in range and 0.2 degree or less (better) in azimuth;
b. A tunable bandwidth exceeding ± 6.25% of the 'centre operating frequency';
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.b., the 'centre operating frequency' equals one half of the sum of the highest plus the lowest specified operating frequencies.
c. Capable of operating simultaneously on more than two carrier frequencies;
d. Capable of operating in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) mode, or Sidelooking Airborne Radar (SLAR) mode;
e. Incorporating electronically scanned array antennae;
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.e., electronically scanned array antennae are also known as electronically steerable array antennae.
f. Capable of heightfinding non-cooperative targets;
g. Specially designed for airborne (balloon or airframe mounted) operation and having Doppler "signal processing" for the detection of moving targets;
h. Employing processing of radar signals and using any of the following:
1. "Radar spread spectrum" techniques; or
2. 'Radar frequency agility' techniques;
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.h., 'radar frequency agility' applies to any technique which changes, in a pseudo-random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger than the pulse bandwidth.
i. Providing ground-based operation with a maximum 'instrumented range' exceeding 185 km;
Note 6.A.8.i. does not apply to:
a. Fishing ground surveillance radar;
b. Ground radar equipment specially designed for enroute air traffic control and having all of the following:
1. A maximum 'instrumented range' of 500 km or less;
2. Configured so that radar target data can be transmitted only one way from the radar site to one or more civil ATC centres;
3. Contains no provisions for remote control of the radar scan rate from the enroute ATC centre; and
4. Permanently installed;
c. Weather balloon tracking radars.
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.i., 'instrumented range' is the specified unambiguous display range of a radar.
j. Being "laser" radar or Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) equipment and having any of the following:
1. "Space-qualified";
2. Employing coherent heterodyne or homodyne detection techniques and having an angular resolution of less (better) than 20 µrad (microradians); or
3. Designed for carrying out airborne bathymetric littoral surveys to International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Order 1a Standard (5th Edition February 2008) for Hydrographic Surveys or better, and using one or more "lasers" with a wavelength exceeding 400 nm but not exceeding 600 nm;
Note 1 LIDAR equipment specially designed for surveying is only specified in 6.A.8.j.3.
Note 2 6.A.8.j. does not apply to LIDAR equipment specially designed for meteorological observation.
Note 3 Parameters in the IHO Order 1a Standard 5th Edition February 2008 are summarized as follows:
Horizontal Accuracy (95% Confidence Level) = 5 m + 5% of depth.
Depth Accuracy for Reduced Depths (95% confidence level)
= ±√(a²+(b*d)²) where:
a = 0.5 m = constant depth error, i.e., the sum of all constant depth errors
b = 0.013 = factor of depth dependent error
b*d = depth dependent error, i.e., the sum of all depth dependent errors
d = depth
Feature Detection
= Cubic features > 2 m in depths up to 40 m;
10% of depth beyond 40 m.
k. Having "signal processing" sub-systems using "pulse compression" and having any of the following:
1. A "pulse compression" ratio exceeding 150; or
2. A compressed pulse width of less than 200 ns; or
Note 6.A.8.k.2. does not apply to two dimensional 'marine radar' or 'vessel traffic service’ radar, having all of the following:
a. "Pulse compression" ratio not exceeding 150;
b. Compressed pulse width of greater than 30 ns;
c. Single and rotating mechanically scanned antenna;
d. Peak output power not exceeding 250 W; and
e. Not capable of "frequency hopping".
l. Having data processing sub-systems and having any of the following:
1. 'Automatic target tracking' providing, at any antenna rotation, the predicted target position beyond the time of the next antenna beam passage; or
Note 6.A.8.l.1. does not apply to conflict alert capability in ATC systems, or 'marine radar'.
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.l.1., 'automatic target tracking' is a processing technique that automatically determines and provides as output an extrapolated value of the most probable position of the target in real time.
2. Not used since 2010
3. Not used since 2010
4. Configured to provide superposition and correlation, or fusion, of target data within six seconds from two or more 'geographically dispersed' radar sensors to improve the aggregate performance beyond that of any single sensor specified in 6.A.8.f. or 6.A.8.i.
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.l.4., sensors are considered 'geographically dispersed' when each location is distant from any other more than 1,500 m in any direction. Mobile sensors are always considered 'geographically dispersed'.
N.B. See also ML5.b.
Note 6.A.8.l. does not apply to systems, equipment and assemblies designed for 'vessel traffic services'.
Technical Notes
For the purposes of 6.A.8.:
1. 'Marine radar' is a radar that is designed to navigate safely at sea, inland waterways or near-shore environments.
2. 'Vessel traffic service' is a vessel traffic monitoring and control service similar to air traffic control for "aircraft".
- Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR);
- Civil Automotive Radar;
- Displays or monitors used for Air Traffic Control (ATC);
- Meteorological (weather) Radar;
- Precision Approach Radar (PAR) equipment conforming to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards and employing electronically steerable linear (1-dimensional) arrays or mechanically positioned passive antennae.
a. Operating at frequencies from 40 GHz to 230 GHz and having any of the following:
1. An average output power exceeding 100 mW; or
2. Locating "accuracy" of 1 m or less (better) in range and 0.2 degree or less (better) in azimuth;
b. A tunable bandwidth exceeding ± 6.25% of the 'centre operating frequency';
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.b., the 'centre operating frequency' equals one half of the sum of the highest plus the lowest specified operating frequencies.
c. Capable of operating simultaneously on more than two carrier frequencies;
d. Capable of operating in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) mode, or Sidelooking Airborne Radar (SLAR) mode;
e. Incorporating electronically scanned array antennae;
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.e., electronically scanned array antennae are also known as electronically steerable array antennae.
f. Capable of heightfinding non-cooperative targets;
g. Specially designed for airborne (balloon or airframe mounted) operation and having Doppler "signal processing" for the detection of moving targets;
h. Employing processing of radar signals and using any of the following:
1. "Radar spread spectrum" techniques; or
2. 'Radar frequency agility' techniques;
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.h., 'radar frequency agility' applies to any technique which changes, in a pseudo-random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger than the pulse bandwidth.
i. Providing ground-based operation with a maximum 'instrumented range' exceeding 185 km;
Note 6.A.8.i. does not apply to:
a. Fishing ground surveillance radar;
b. Ground radar equipment specially designed for enroute air traffic control and having all of the following:
1. A maximum 'instrumented range' of 500 km or less;
2. Configured so that radar target data can be transmitted only one way from the radar site to one or more civil ATC centres;
3. Contains no provisions for remote control of the radar scan rate from the enroute ATC centre; and
4. Permanently installed;
c. Weather balloon tracking radars.
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.i., 'instrumented range' is the specified unambiguous display range of a radar.
j. Being "laser" radar or Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) equipment and having any of the following:
1. "Space-qualified";
2. Employing coherent heterodyne or homodyne detection techniques and having an angular resolution of less (better) than 20 µrad (microradians); or
3. Designed for carrying out airborne bathymetric littoral surveys to International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Order 1a Standard (5th Edition February 2008) for Hydrographic Surveys or better, and using one or more "lasers" with a wavelength exceeding 400 nm but not exceeding 600 nm;
Note 1 LIDAR equipment specially designed for surveying is only specified in 6.A.8.j.3.
Note 2 6.A.8.j. does not apply to LIDAR equipment specially designed for meteorological observation.
Note 3 Parameters in the IHO Order 1a Standard 5th Edition February 2008 are summarized as follows:
Horizontal Accuracy (95% Confidence Level) = 5 m + 5% of depth.
Depth Accuracy for Reduced Depths (95% confidence level)
= ±√(a²+(b*d)²) where:
a = 0.5 m = constant depth error, i.e., the sum of all constant depth errors
b = 0.013 = factor of depth dependent error
b*d = depth dependent error, i.e., the sum of all depth dependent errors
d = depth
Feature Detection
= Cubic features > 2 m in depths up to 40 m;
10% of depth beyond 40 m.
k. Having "signal processing" sub-systems using "pulse compression" and having any of the following:
1. A "pulse compression" ratio exceeding 150; or
2. A compressed pulse width of less than 200 ns; or
Note 6.A.8.k.2. does not apply to two dimensional 'marine radar' or 'vessel traffic service’ radar, having all of the following:
a. "Pulse compression" ratio not exceeding 150;
b. Compressed pulse width of greater than 30 ns;
c. Single and rotating mechanically scanned antenna;
d. Peak output power not exceeding 250 W; and
e. Not capable of "frequency hopping".
l. Having data processing sub-systems and having any of the following:
1. 'Automatic target tracking' providing, at any antenna rotation, the predicted target position beyond the time of the next antenna beam passage; or
Note 6.A.8.l.1. does not apply to conflict alert capability in ATC systems, or 'marine radar'.
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.l.1., 'automatic target tracking' is a processing technique that automatically determines and provides as output an extrapolated value of the most probable position of the target in real time.
2. Not used since 2010
3. Not used since 2010
4. Configured to provide superposition and correlation, or fusion, of target data within six seconds from two or more 'geographically dispersed' radar sensors to improve the aggregate performance beyond that of any single sensor specified in 6.A.8.f. or 6.A.8.i.
Technical Note
For the purposes of 6.A.8.l.4., sensors are considered 'geographically dispersed' when each location is distant from any other more than 1,500 m in any direction. Mobile sensors are always considered 'geographically dispersed'.
N.B. See also ML5.b.
Note 6.A.8.l. does not apply to systems, equipment and assemblies designed for 'vessel traffic services'.
Technical Notes
For the purposes of 6.A.8.:
1. 'Marine radar' is a radar that is designed to navigate safely at sea, inland waterways or near-shore environments.
2. 'Vessel traffic service' is a vessel traffic monitoring and control service similar to air traffic control for "aircraft".