What does end-user control mean?
Unofficial translation from the Vietnamese original.
The end user is the organisation or individual that ultimately receives, manages, operates or uses controlled goods, materials, equipment, software, technology or services (clause 15, Article 3 of Law No. 13/2026/QH16). End use is determined from the end user's declaration and undertaking together with information verified by the competent authority (clause 16).
Clause 3, Article 16 sets out four groups of criteria: the end user is linked to designated entities or individuals, or to high-risk countries or territories; the stated end use does not match the declared needs, functions or field of activity; the technical characteristics of the goods lend themselves to WMD applications; or the shipping route, supply chain or intermediaries show unusual features or appear designed to conceal.
Clause 1, Article 16 places a duty on companies: to provide truthful, complete and timely information on the end user, end use, beneficiary, shipping route and supply chain when the competent authority so requests.